An Interconnected Multi-Plane Multi-Stage Fault-Tolerant On-Board Switching Fabric

The harsh space radiation environment compromises the reliability of an on-board switching fabric by leading to cross-point and switching element（SE）faults.Different from traditional faulttolerant switching fabrics only taking crosspoint faults into account,a novel Input and Output Parallel Clos network,referred to as the（p₁,p₂）-IOPClos,is proposed to tolerate both cross-point and SE faults.In the（p₁,p₂）-IOPClos,there are p₁ and p₂ expanded parallel switching planes in the input and output stages,respectively.The multiple input/output switching planes are interconnected through the middle stage to provide multiple paths in each stage by which the network throughput can be increased remarkably.Furthermore,the network reliability of the（p₁,p₂）-IOPClos under the above both kinds of faults is analyzed.The corresponding implementation cost is also presented along with the network size.Both theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the（p₁,p₂）-IOPClos outperforms traditional Clos-type networks at reliability,while has less implementation cost than the multi-plane Clos network.     

菱角豆腐制备工艺研究

以鲜菱角为原料,采用一定的工艺制备菱角豆腐,再以市售大豆豆腐做对照,对最优工艺条件下的菱角豆腐的质构进行研究。正交实验结果表明,当料水比为1:2、熬煮温度为90℃、熬煮时间为20 min时,菱角豆腐呈浅红色、半透明,并带有清新纯正的菱角香味,口感滑爽细嫩,且结构均匀,弹韧性好,综合评分最高,为92分。TPA质构测试结果表明,在设定的测试条件下,菱角豆腐的质构总体变化趋势与市售大豆豆腐相似,质地可与市售大豆豆腐相媲美。     

智慧建造技术在EPC项目中的应用策略研究

智慧建造要求建筑业走低消耗、低污染和和持续发展的道路,其最大的特点是在工程项目建造全过程中依托于信息化技术。虽然智慧建造理念上已得到较多的认同,但其理论实践仍然处于发展阶段;同时由于工程项目建设过程中各个环节信息的交流仍然存在较多障碍,智慧建造技术距离全面推广尚有一定的难度。EPC(Engineering Procurement Construction)项目是在工程建设项目中,以设计为主导,实现采购、施工、试运营等一系列全过程的交付;因此在EPC项目的基础上来切入推广智慧建造技术,难度将大大降低,并取得明显的经济效益与社会效益。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌对河豚毒素的免疫活性消减作用方式

为探究鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）对河豚毒素（tetrodotoxin，TTX）免疫活性的消减作用方式和可能作用位点，分别采用活化、热灭活和破碎的鼠李糖乳杆菌以及去除胞外多糖、原生质体、细胞壁和肽聚糖的分离样品，与TTX标准品在37 ℃孵育1 h，使用竞争性酶联免疫吸附法分析作用前后TTX的免疫活性变化。通过化学处理掩蔽鼠李糖乳杆菌表面的羧基和氨基，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，FTIR）分析菌体表面的化学键振动类型和官能团变化情况。结果发现，活化、热灭活和破碎后的鼠李糖乳杆菌均可消减TTX的免疫活性，因此TTX免疫活性的变化和鼠李糖乳杆菌的活性无关。各分离样品对TTX的消减作用表明肽聚糖成分对TTX免疫活性的消减率最高可达到47%。FTIR分析发现鼠李糖乳杆菌表面羧基掩蔽后可显著降低TTX免疫活性的消减率至18%，而掩蔽氨基则对作用前后的TTX消减率影响无显著差异（P＞0.05）。实验表明，消减TTX免疫活性的原因可能为TTX与鼠李糖乳杆菌表面肽聚糖上的羧基结合。     

含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品质量安全风险研究

研究市售的含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品质量状况并对其安全性进行初步评价。参考标准要求并结合可能存在的质量安全隐患,从傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)材质分析、总迁移量、重金属(以Pb计)、脱色试验、五氯苯酚特定迁移量及砷、镉、铬、铅含量等维度对含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品进行研究。35批次样品中有2批次塑料主体材质为密胺,2批次塑料主体材质为聚乳酸,31批次塑料主体材质均为聚丙烯;35批次样品的重金属(以Pb计)、脱色试验、五氯苯酚特定迁移量等项目均符合所参照标准的要求;35批次样品均检出至少含2种重金属,有4批次一次性淀粉餐具总迁移量超标。从检验结果可知,市面上销售的含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品存在总迁移量超标及样品含重金属的情况,说明市场上该类产品确实存在一定的潜在风险。     

Study on Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer from a Hemisphere with Uniform Heat Flux Surface

By employing the modified model based on Bejan et al., laminar natural convection heat transfer from a hemisphere with uniform heat flux surface has been numerically investigated. Extensive results of two different surface boundary conditions are obtained for a wide range of Grashof numbers(10 ≤ Gr ≤ 10~7) and Prandlt number of 0.72. The characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow are analyzed in terms of isotherm contours and streamline patterns, radial and tangential velocities, dimensionless temperature profiles, local friction and pressure drag coefficients, as well as local and average Nusselt numbers. Meanwhile, the effects of Grashof number and adiabatic surface on flow motion and heat transfer have been studied. No recirculation zone or flow separation generates over the top of the hemisphere compared to the isothermal sphere. Owing to the curvature effect, the maximum values of local friction and pressure drag coefficients appear at the corner point B. Comparisons with the previous results are also reported in detail. All the results are in good agreement with the numerical data. Moreover, both local and average Nusselt numbers show a positive dependence on Grashof number. The values of the non-adiabatic case are smaller than that of the adiabatic case due to the preheating effect. Finally, two precise and general correlations of average Nusselt number varying with Grashof numbers have been presented, which can provide an effective prediction for the heat transfer rate in engineering applications, and offer academic values for the future research.     

Simple reactor for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the assistance of ethanol by gas–liquid discharge plasma

Atmospheric pressure plasma technology is gaining increasing importance because it is a simple and tunable synthesis process for the production of metallic nanoparticles. In addition to the development of the power supply, improving the reactor is also one of the main strategies to enhance the utility. In this study, a simple reactor for the gas–liquid discharge plasma induced by argon gas was applied to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in solution. An AC power supply with a peak voltage of 3.5 kV was used. The frequency and on-time were set to 50 kHz and 2.5 μs, respectively. The oscilloscope showed that the rising time was approximately 2 μs. The ethanol was used as the source for the reactive reducing agent. No more additional components existed in the solution during the discharge and neither of the electrodes was in contact with the treated solution. The temperature increased by 10 °C within 1min without a cooling system. Carbon was the main impurity and was expected to be produced from the decomposition of the organics under the plasma. The elevated temperature decreased the organic by-products by evaporation and could also decrease the production of carbon. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical silver nanoparticles with a size of approximately 10 nm were synthesized with a crystal structure and that a low concentration of ethanol prefers the production of the mono-dispersed colloid.     

基于强化学习的数据驱动最优镇定控制及仿真

利用Q-学习算法,针对模型未知只有数据可用的非线性被控对象,解决最优镇定控制问题.由于状态空间和控制空间的连续性,Q-学习只能以近似的方式实现.因此,文中提出的近似Q-学习算法只能获得一个次优控制器.尽管求得的控制器只是次优,但是仿真研究表明,对于强非线性被控对象,相比线性二次型调节器和深度确定性梯度下降方法,文中方法的闭环吸引域更宽广,实际指标函数也更小.     

An extract of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> induces wound healing through inhibitions of Ca²⁺ mobilizations,mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell death in epithelial cells: Involvement of TRPM2 channels

The wound is induced by several mechanical and metabolic factors. In the etiology of the wound recovery, excessive oxidative stress, calcium ion (Ca²⁺) influx, and apoptosis have important roles. Ca²⁺-permeable TRPM2 channel is activated by oxidative stress. Protective roles of Hypericum perforatum extract (HP) on the mechanical nerve injury-induced apoptosis and oxidative toxicity through regulation of TRPM2 in the experimental animals were recently reported. The potential protective roles in HP treatment were evaluated on the TRPM2-mediated cellular oxidative toxicity in the renal epithelium (MPK) cells. The cells were divided into three groups as control, wound, and wound + HP treatment (75 µM for 72 h). Wound diameters were more importantly decreased in the wound+HP group than in the wound group. In addition, the results of laser confocal microscopy analyses indicated protective roles of HP and TRPM2 antagonists (N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate) against the wound-induced increase of Ca²⁺ influx and mitochondrial ROS production. The wound-induced increase of early (annexin V-FITC) apoptosis and late (propidium iodide) apoptosis were also decreased in the cells by the HP treatment. In conclusion, HP treatment acted protective effects against wound-mediated oxidative cell toxicity and apoptosis through TRPM2 inhibition. These effects may be attributed to their potent antioxidant effect.     

光学显微定位系统定位精度分析

为了提高光学显微定位系统对细胞微生物识别定位的精度：一方面，必须改进手眼标定方法；另一方面，需要提高全局图像识别的准确性，因此，提出一种两步法对系统进行手眼标定。首先，通过标定固定靶标来确定系统原点，并得到视觉模块相对于系统原点的转换关系；然后，根据每次拍照的起始点位置、拍照的数量和移动的步长求解出全局图像相对于系统原点的转换关系；最后，为了进一步提高全局转换关系的准确度，提出一种基于傅里叶变换的误差矫正方法，利用傅里叶变换求解出视觉模块在移动过程中的误差，并加入系统进行补偿。实验结果表明，误差补偿之后，系统X轴方向的误差均值从10.23 μm降为-0.002 μm，Y轴方向的误差均值从6.9 μm降为-0.50 μm，显微定位系统的平均定位精度达到了99%以上。结果表明，所提方法可很好地用于光学显微定位系统对细胞微生物进行高精度的自动化抓取。